The physical properties of formulations for entry through olfactory epithelium (100 - 200nm) and blood brain barrier (BBB) have limitations. Therefore, nano-phospholipid vesicles (Exosomes, 100-200nm) provide better delivery efficiency through nebulization. The viscosity, osmolarity, ionic strength, pH, and surface tension also affect the nebulization rates. Stem cell’s viscosity prevents it from being delivered via nebulizer.
Constant output jet nebulizer can aerosolize Exosomes solutions and provide large doses with very little patient coordination skill.
Treatment can be time-consuming and less effective by a 50% loss from a continuously operating nebulizer. On average, 10% of the total dose load, is deposited in the lungs (which can be overcome with repeated / regular usage).
* For illustration purposes only
